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Mars is the world next door the fourth

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planet from the Sun and quite likely the

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first planet on which human explorers

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will one day land spacecraft have

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surveyed its immense canyons and

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towering volcanoes Landers have

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photographed pink skies and a desert

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filled with boulders like Earth Mars has

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raging dust storms sometimes sweep over

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the planet blocking its surface from

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view while past missions to Mars have

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enhanced our knowledge of the planet

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discoveries have led to important new

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questions to answer some of these

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questions NASA's Jet Propulsion

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Laboratory is sending a spacecraft on a

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journey in 1992 to map the Martian

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unlike Earth Mars lost most of its

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atmosphere long ago it grew cold and dry

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so cold that some of its thin carbon

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dioxide atmosphere froze at the winter

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Pole how did a world formed at the same

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time and of the same materials as Earth

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become so cold parched and relatively

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airless dr. Arden all be of the

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california institute of technology is

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the project scientist representing more

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than a hundred scientists throughout the

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world who work with the Mars Observer

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data to understand these questions about

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Mars and to investigate others the Mars

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Observer spacecraft will map the entire

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surface of the planet much the same way

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that Earth orbiting satellites study the

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surface of our earth mapping from pole

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to pole primary goals of the mission are

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to understand the chemical and mineral

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nature of the surface the measure the

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surface topography and to create a

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relief map of the entire planet study

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the gravity field and to search for a

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magnetic field this mission will help us

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to understand the planet's climate now

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and in the past

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Mars Observer will give us a basic

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global understanding of the planet or

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future exploration NASA and JPL

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contracted with General Electric

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Corporation Zastrow space division to

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build the spacecraft weighing more than

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5,000 pounds Mars Observer was specially

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designed for launch aboard a Titan three

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rocket booster built by the Martin

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Marietta astronautics cool Mars Observer

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sits atop his 12 story idea after the

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Titan has placed the spacecraft into

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Earth orbit a second rocket booster the

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transfer orbit stage from orbital

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sciences corporation will fire to free

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the space craft in Earth's gravity Mars

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some of the spacecraft solar panels it's

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dish shaped communications antenna and

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two booms carrying science instruments

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will be partially deployed right after

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launch the spacecraft will first unfold

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four of its solar panels to begin

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drawing solar power then to science

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booms will be deployed one carrying the

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magnetometer the other supporting the

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gamma ray spectrometer that's the way we

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will fly to Mars in August 1993 after

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333 days in space spacecraft will reach

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Mars and enter elliptical orbit around

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the planet the flight path will be

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carefully adjusted over four months

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until Mars Observer is in a nearly

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circular orbit around the poles at that

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time all booms will be fully deployed in

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other words the spacecraft will open up

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like a flower

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the spacecraft will keep its scientific

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payload continuously pointed at Mars

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seven science instruments will spend an

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entire Martian year about 687 earth days

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you

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acting as a remote weather station mars

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observer will report on the planets thin

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volcanoes and other landforms will be

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studied to determine the geological

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processes that have shaped the surface

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a search will be conducted for evidence

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of a magnetic field scientists will want

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to know if water once flowed on Mars as

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the Mariner and Viking missions

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suggested if so where is it now were

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conditions for life on Mars more

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favorable in the distant past JPL's

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advanced multi mission control center

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will be supported by NASA's Deep Space

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Network the mission will be the first to

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provide a database at JPL that

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scientists will be able to access from

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their home institutions specially

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designed workstations will connect them

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as part of an international effort

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Russian instrument packages will be

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landed on the Martian surface in the

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mid-1990s Mars Observer carries a radio

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system supplied by the french space

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agency to support these missions this

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radio system will allow the spacecraft

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to receive and relay data from the

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as the data is processed the Mars

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Observer mission will help us understand

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the evolution of our planetary neighbors